Java Citronella
Cymbopogon winterianus
Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), also called ”Madagascar” or ”India” citronella, is a perennial rhizome plant native to Indonesia.
It belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family, has long narrow leaves with rough, sharp edges and hollow, bulbous stems at the base. It grows as a tuft up to 30 cm high and twice as wide.
Main aromatic molecules: Terpene aldehydes (citronnellal), monoterpenols (geraniol, citronnellol).
Family: Poaceae.
Producing organs : Aerial parts.
Yield: 300g to 1kg of essence per 100kg of plants.
Equivalence: 1ml → 31 drops (dosage calculated for a calibrated dropper European Pharmacopoeia).
It belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family, has long narrow leaves with rough, sharp edges and hollow, bulbous stems at the base. It grows as a tuft up to 30 cm high and twice as wide.
Main aromatic molecules: Terpene aldehydes (citronnellal), monoterpenols (geraniol, citronnellol).
Family: Poaceae.
Producing organs : Aerial parts.
Yield: 300g to 1kg of essence per 100kg of plants.
Equivalence: 1ml → 31 drops (dosage calculated for a calibrated dropper European Pharmacopoeia).
Bath
Skin application
Oral route
Respiratory route
MAIN PROPERTIES
RECIPES
CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION
FRAGRANCE
EXTRACTION AND YIELD
CHEMICAL FORMULA
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
RELATED SPECIES
MAIN PROPERTIES
Repelling mosquitoes and other insects and treating their bites, Java citronella essence is anti-infectious, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory. For example, it is recommended in ENT to treat a sore throat as it is anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-infectious. It is effective against tendinitis and rheumatic pains. For cooking, one or two drops of essential oil are enough to perfume a dish for five to six persons.
RECIPES
Anti-mosquito
Air repellent Pour 20 drops of essence of citronella into a diffuser to repel mosquitoes. Use preferably with geranium in equal parts for greater efficacy. Also spray on tablecloths and clothing.
Skin repellent
10 drops of essence of citronella, 10 drops of essential oil of geranium, 20 drops of neutral palnt oil. Mix the oils and place on the exposed parts of the body. Repeat the application or diffusion every two hours.
Cleansing the air, bad smells (tobacco, etc.)
Diffuse citronella essence in the air or spray on clothing or tablecloths.
Insect bite
Place 1 drop of essence of citronella on each bite.
Rheumatism
5 drops of essence of citronella, 10 drops of arnica plant oil. Apply by massaging twice daily.
Air repellent Pour 20 drops of essence of citronella into a diffuser to repel mosquitoes. Use preferably with geranium in equal parts for greater efficacy. Also spray on tablecloths and clothing.
Skin repellent
10 drops of essence of citronella, 10 drops of essential oil of geranium, 20 drops of neutral palnt oil. Mix the oils and place on the exposed parts of the body. Repeat the application or diffusion every two hours.
Cleansing the air, bad smells (tobacco, etc.)
Diffuse citronella essence in the air or spray on clothing or tablecloths.
Insect bite
Place 1 drop of essence of citronella on each bite.
Rheumatism
5 drops of essence of citronella, 10 drops of arnica plant oil. Apply by massaging twice daily.
CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION
The genus Cymbopogon includes about fifty species, among which the most commonly found in the market is Ceylon citronella (Cymbopogon nardus). Java citronella is found in Asia (Indonesia, China, Vietnam, Nepal), in different African regions and in the Antilles. It is often planted around houses to repel mosquitoes. The base of the stems cut into rings is a traditional ingredient in South East Asia cuisine.
FRAGRANCE
The odour of Java citronella, lemony and slightly peppery, is characteristic.
EXTRACTION AND YIELD
The total distillation of aerial parts of the plant by steam distillation has a yield of 0.3% to 1%, i.e. three hundred grams to a kilogram per hundred kilograms of plant.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
The main active constituents of Cymbopogon winterianus essence are citronellal, geraniol and citronellol.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
Citronella essence must always be used diluted on the skin.
Do not use in: pregnant or breast-feeding women, children under the age of three years, persons allergic to one of the components (citronnellal, geranial, geraniol, limonene, neral), subjects with asthma without the advice of an allergologist before the first use.
Do not use in: pregnant or breast-feeding women, children under the age of three years, persons allergic to one of the components (citronnellal, geranial, geraniol, limonene, neral), subjects with asthma without the advice of an allergologist before the first use.
RELATED SPECIES
Ceylon citronella (Cymbopogon nardus var. maha pengiri), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus).
The essence of lemongrass from Java could take as its slogan, ”the fragrant death of mosquitoes”, as well as the famous Marie-Rose lotion, an enemy of lice. This repulsive action is truly overwhelming. Lemongrass, a powerful disinfectant, is the only rival of eucalyptus in terms of environmental health. The Greeks and Romans used a related species they called Indian grass, which was probably Cymbopogon citratus. Its fresh and pungent scent was part of the composition of the famous ”royal perfume” of the Parthians, ”full of pleasures and references in the matter” according to Pliny. It opened the appetite and favored digestion. The Romans were unaware of its anti-rheumatic properties but praised its disinfectant virtue. We know, still from Pliny, that lemongrass acted as an anti-moth.
AROMATHERAPIA
Extracts from the book ’Aromatherapia – All about essential oils’, by Isabelle Pacchioni, watercolors by Patrick MORIN, Aroma Thera Editions . Extracts from the book ’41 essential oils essential for treating yourself differently’ and ’48 essential oils which every home needs to be healthy’ by Isabelle Delaleu and Isabelle Pacchioni, Publications of the Mandadori France group. Botanical illustrations by Agathe Haevermans.
The properties, benefits and method of use are given for information; they cannot in any case constitute or replace medical information that only health professionals can provide. For any use of essential oils for therapeutic purposes, please consult your GP or pharmacist.
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